Symptoms and Causes

Common Symptoms

• Irregular or skipped periods before they stop completely
• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Mood swings, irritability, or anxiety
• Sleep disturbances or insomnia
• Weight gain or slowed metabolism
• Vaginal dryness or discomfort during intercourse
• Reduced libido
• Joint stiffness or body aches
• Memory lapses or difficulty concentrating

Major Causes

• Natural decline in ovarian hormone production
• Genetic factors influencing timing of menopause
• Surgical removal of ovaries leading to sudden menopause
• Chemotherapy or radiation affecting ovarian function
• Autoimmune conditions impacting hormone regulation
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking accelerating menopause onset

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Treatments

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, balancing hormones, and promoting long-term health during and after menopause.

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to balance estrogen and progesterone levels
• Non-hormonal medications for hot flashes, mood swings, or sleep issues
• Vaginal estrogen creams or moisturizers for dryness
• Calcium and vitamin D supplementation for bone health
• Lifestyle counselling including diet, exercise, and weight management
• Stress reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises
• Regular screenings for bone density, heart health, and metabolic changes
• Psychological support or counselling for emotional well-being

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Prevention

While menopause is a natural process, managing symptoms and supporting health is possible with preventive care and healthy habits.

• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamins, and phytoestrogens
• Regular exercise to reduce hot flashes, improve mood, and support bone strength
• Limiting caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods that may trigger symptoms
• Keeping stress levels low through mindfulness and relaxation practices
• Avoiding smoking, which accelerates menopause and worsens symptoms
• Regular gynecological check-ups to monitor hormonal and physical health
• Early attention to any abnormal bleeding or severe symptoms